using assign in verilog

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Combinational Logic with assign

The verilog assign statement is typically used to continuously drive a signal of wire datatype and gets synthesized as combinational logic. Here are some more design examples using the assign statement.

Example #1 : Simple combinational logic

The code shown below implements a simple digital combinational logic which has an output wire z that is driven continuously with an assign statement to realize the digital equation.

The module combo gets elaborated into the following hardware schematic using synthesis tools and can be seen that the combinational logic is implemented with digital gates.

The testbench is a platform for simulating the design to ensure that the design does behave as expected. All combinations of inputs are driven to the design module using a for loop with a delay statement of 10 time units so that the new value is applied to the inputs after some time.

Example #2: Half Adder

The half adder module accepts two scalar inputs a and b and uses combinational logic to assign the outputs sum and carry bit cout . The sum is driven by an XOR between a and b while the carry bit is obtained by an AND between the two inputs.

Example #3: Full Adder

A full adder can be built using the half adder module shown above or the entire combinational logic can be applied as is with assign statements to drive the outputs sum and cout .

Example #4: 2x1 Multiplexer

The simple 2x1 multiplexer uses a ternary operator to decide which input should be assigned to the output c . If sel is 1, output is driven by a and if sel is 0 output is driven by b .

Example #5: 1x4 Demultiplexer

The demultiplexer uses a combination of sel and f inputs to drive the different output signals. Each output signal is driven by a separate assign statement. Note that the same signal is generally not recommended to be driven by different assign statements.

Continuous Assigns 

A module may have any number of continuous assign statements. Continuous assign statements are used to drive values on to wires. For example:

This is referred to as a continuous assign because the wire on the left-hand side of the assignment operator is continuously driven with the value of the expression on the right hand side. The target of the assign statement must be a wire. The continuous assign statement is not a procedural statement and so must be used at the module level; it cannot be placed in an initial or always process.

You can add delay to a continuous assign statement as follows:

In this case, the value of a changes 10 units of time after the expression b & c changes. Continuous assign statement implement inertial delay, meaning that continuous assign statements swallow glitches. This is illustrated below with the assumption that the unit of time is 1ns.

It is possible to specify up to three delay values on a continuous assignment:

When you specify more than one:

The first delay refers to the transition to the 1 value (rise delay).

The second delay refers to the transition to the 0 value (fall delay).

The third delay refers to the transition to the high-impedance value.

When a value changes to the unknown (x) value, the delay is the smallest of the delays specified.

If only two delays are specified, then the delay to high-impedance is the smallest of the two values specified.

Using assign and deassign Statements - 2023.2 English

Vivado design suite user guide: synthesis (ug901).

Vivado synthesis does not support assign and deassign statements.

Chipdemy: Learn Verilog, UVM, SystemVerilog & go for Quiz, and Interviews

Verilog assign statement

Table of Contents

Verilog Tutorial

·         Verilog Introduction

·          Lexical Tokens

·         Data Types

·         Integer Datatype

·         Real Datatype

·         Time Datatype

·         Real time Datatype

·         String Datatype

·         Event Datatype

·         Scalar and Vector

·         Module

·         Port

·         Abstraction Layer

·         Verilog Array

·         Memory Array

·         Verilog Operators

·         Behavioral Modelling

·         Always block

·         Initial block

·         Assign Statement

·         Generate block

Procedural Assignment

Assign statement

The assign statement in Verilog is used to continue assigning a value to a wire data type. In data flow modeling , it is also used. Concurrent assignment statements like this one are commonly used to show combinational logic. The assign statement explains how an original statement and a target are related, declaring that the value of the target i.e. “sample” should always match the value of the original statement.

The syntax of the assign statement is as follows:

Here, sample is the wire to which the value will be continuously assigned , and original_expression is the expression whose value will be assigned to the sample. The expression can be a combination of constants, signals, operators, and other wires.

Let us consider an easy example to show how to use the assign statement:

In the above example, the module and_gate accepts the signals x and y as inputs and outputs the signal F . The assign statement represents a logical AND operation between inputs x and y by constantly assigning the value of x & y to the output F .

Rules of assign statement:

The following guidelines must be observed when using an assign statement:

1.      LHS should never be a scalar or vector register, but rather a scalar or vector net, or a combination of both.

2.      scalar or vector registers, as well as function calls, can be found in RHS.

3.      The LHS will be updated with any changes to the values of any operands on the RHS.

4.      Continuous assignments are another name for assign statements.

The assign statement only operates with wire data types , and this must be remembered .

 To represent sequential behavior for registers ( such as reg ), procedural assignments (such as always blocks) must be used. Within Verilog modules, procedural assignments provide the description of a clock or sequential logic. Top of Form

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